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Experimental and computational validation of a scaled train tunnel model using modal analysis

Janice B. D’SOUZA, Sangarapillai KANAPATHIPILLAI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第4期页码 420-428 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0281-7

摘要：

Acoustic engineers are faced with the challenge of minimising reverberation time in their designs so as to contribute to the health and well-being of those traveling by train and those on the platforms. Although the problem is easy to identify, it is not as simple to solve. The acoustical environment of a train tunnel is complex, with a variety of noise contributing factors such as train announcements, speech of commuters, ventilation systems, electrical equipment and wheel and rail noise. As a result, there is some difficulty in modeling the complete acoustic environment with computational or acoustic first principles. In this study, an experimental rig was constructed to model the acoustic behavior within a tunnel. The modal properties for the 300 Hz to 1500 Hz range, including resonances and mode shapes were identified and were shown to successfully correspond to theoretical results and a computational model created in COMSOL using Finite Element Analysis.

关键词： reverberation time acoustic environment modal properties resonances

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上海大剧院观众厅使用效果评析

李道增,许瑾

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第1期页码 15-21

摘要：

上海率先在我国建成第一座具有国际水平的现代化大剧院。作者对该剧院及设计单位进行了多次访问调研。文章扼要地介绍该剧院观众厅的视线设计、噪声控制、音质设计、声学参数的实测结果以及所采用的可移动音罩、可调混响装置等技术措施，并引用了国内外戏剧界、音乐界著名专家观摩演出后的声学评价以及观众对观众厅使用效果所给出的评分结果。

关键词：观众厅视线设计噪声控制音质设计可移动音罩可调混响装置

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搅拌摩擦焊镁合金隔声性能的研究

刘成武,钱林方

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第8期页码 93-98

摘要：

伴随搅拌摩擦焊在镁合金上的广泛应用，对其隔声特性研究尤为重要，基于自适应网格技术，对搅拌摩擦焊过程进行数值模拟，为后续声学计算提供约束模态，解决了材料属性难以确定的问题，一定程度上实现了焊接与声学的结合。自行设计和制造了混响箱，用以测量焊接镁合金板的隔声量，弥补了混响室测试小试件的不足。进而使用finite element-statistical energy analysis（FE-SEA）混合法计算焊接件的隔声量，与试验结果进行对比，吻合良好，表明此方法行之有效。通过对比焊接前后镁合金板件的隔声量，发现在吻合低谷区，焊接后板件的隔声有所降低。为了研究焊接参数对隔声的影响，分别改变焊接速度和搅拌头旋转速度，观察隔声量的变化，结果表明，这些参数都需要合理的设置，并非越大或者越小越好。

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊混响箱 FE-SEA混合法焊接速度搅拌头旋转速度

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General expression for linear and nonlinear time series models

Ren HUANG, Feiyun XU, Ruwen CHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 15-24 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0015-z

摘要： The typical time series models such as ARMA, AR, and MA are founded on the normality and stationarity of a system and expressed by a linear difference equation; therefore, they are strictly limited to the linear system. However, some nonlinear factors are within the practical system; thus, it is difficult to fit the model for real systems with the above models. This paper proposes a general expression for linear and nonlinear auto-regressive time series models (GNAR). With the gradient optimization method and modified AIC information criteria integrated with the prediction error, the parameter estimation and order determination are achieved. The model simulation and experiments show that the GNAR model can accurately approximate to the dynamic characteristics of the most nonlinear models applied in academics and engineering. The modeling and prediction accuracy of the GNAR model is superior to the classical time series models. The proposed GNAR model is flexible and effective.

关键词： linear and nonlinear autoregressive model system identification time series analysis

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Run-time system based on LinSERCANS and Soft-PLC

Cunfeng KANG, Chong WANG, Chunmin MA, Xudong HUANG, Renyuan FEI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 120-124 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0019-8

摘要： Soft-PLC with open architecture is the direction of development in industrial automation. This paper discusses the method of communication between the interface functions of LinSERCANS under RTLinux and the external library of Soft-PLC under Windows. Based on the API HOOK theory, the communication between the interface functions of LinSERCANS and the external libraries of Soft-PLC is set up and it solves the calling functions of dynamic link libraries in different operation systems. It is able to combine LinSERCANS with the Soft-PLC, and a run-time system is developed based on the interface technology of the serial real-time communication system (SERCOS) and technology of soft-PLC. This run-time system has been used in all electronic injection molding machines and works very well.

关键词： Soft-PLC run-time system LinSERCANS dynamic link libraries

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Two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint

Zhongshun SHI, Zewen HUANG, Leyuan SHI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 368-374 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017034

摘要： This study addresses the problem of two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint; thus, the makespan is minimized. A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed for this problem. Three tight lower bounds and a heuristic algorithm are developed. The worst-case performance of the proposed algorithm is discussed. A hybrid differential evolution algorithm is also developed to improve the solution quantity. Numerical results show that the hybrid algorithm is capable of obtaining high-quality solutions and exhibits a competitive performance

关键词： batch machine flow shop makespan limited waiting time

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Analyzing construction safety through time series methods

Houchen CAO, Yang Miang GOH

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 262-274 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0015-6

摘要： The construction industry produces a large amount of data on a daily basis. However, existing data sets have not been fully exploited in analyzing the safety factors of construction projects. Thus, this work describes how temporal analysis techniques can be applied to improve the safety management of construction data. Various time series (TS) methods were adopted for identifying the leading indicators or predictors of construction accidents. The data set used herein was obtained from a large construction company that is based in Singapore and contains safety inspection scores, accident cases, and project-related data collected from 2008 to 2015. Five projects with complete and sufficient data for temporal analysis were selected from the data set. The filtered data set contained 23 potential leading indicators (predictors or input variables) of accidents (output or dependent variable). TS analyses were used to identify suitable accident predictors for each of the five projects. Subsequently, the selected input variables were used to develop three different TS models for predicting accident occurrences, and the vector error correction model was found to be the best model. It had the lowest root mean squared error value for three of the five projects analyzed. This study provides insights into how construction companies can utilize TS data analysis to identify projects with high risk of accidents.

关键词： time series temporal construction safety leading indicators accident prevention forecasting

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Convergence to real-time decision making

James M. TIEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 204-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0040-5

摘要： Real-time decision making reflects the convergence of several digital technologies, including those concerned with the promulgation of artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies that underpin real-time actions. More specifically, real-time decision making can be depicted in terms of three converging dimensions: Internet of Things, decision making, and real-time. The Internet of Things include tangible goods, intangible services, ServGoods, and connected ServGoods. Decision making includes model-based analytics (since before 1990), information-based Big Data (since 1990), and training-based artificial intelligence (since 2000), and it is bolstered by the evolving real-time technologies of sensing (i.e., capturing streaming data), processing (i.e., applying real-time analytics), reacting (i.e., making decisions in real-time), and learning (i.e., employing deep neural networks). Real-time includes mobile networks, autonomous vehicles, and artificial general intelligence. Central to decision making, especially real-time decision making, is the ServGood concept, which the author introduced in an earlier paper (2012). It is a physical product or good encased by a services layer that renders the good more adaptable and smarter for a specific purpose or use. Addition of another communication sensors layer could further enhance its smartness and adaptiveness. Such connected ServGoods constitute a solid foundation for the advanced products of tomorrow which can further display their growing intelligence through real-time decisions.

关键词： real-time decision making services goods ServGoods Big Data Internet of Things artificial intelligence wireless communications

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Damage identification in connections of moment frames using time domain responses and an optimization

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 851-866 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0739-3

摘要： Damage is defined as changes to the material and/or geometric properties of a structural system, comprising changes to the boundary conditions and system connectivity, adversely affecting the system’s performance. Inspecting the elements of structures, particularly critical components, is vital to evaluate the structural lifespan and safety. In this study, an optimization-based method for joint damage identification of moment frames using the time-domain responses is introduced. The beam-to-column connection in a metallic moment frame structure is modeled by a zero-length rotational spring at both ends of the beam element. For each connection, an end-fixity factor is specified, which changes between 0 and 1. Then, the problem of joint damage identification is converted to a standard optimization problem. An objective function is defined using the nodal point accelerations extracted from the damaged structure and an analytical model of the structure in which the nodal accelerations are obtained using the Newmark procedure. The optimization problem is solved by an improved differential evolution algorithm (IDEA) for identifying the location and severity of the damage. To assess the capability of the proposed method, two numerical examples via different damage scenarios are considered. Then, a comparison between the proposed method and the existing damage identification method is provided. The outcomes reveal the high efficiency of the proposed method for finding the severity and location of joint damage considering noise effects.

关键词： damage identification beam-to-column connection time-domain response optimization

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origins of schedule management: the concepts used in planning, allocating, visualizing and managing time

Lynda M. BOURNE, Patrick WEAVER

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 150-166 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018012

摘要： Getting the in the at the has always been a major organizational challenge. In ancient times this process seems to have been accomplished based on the scheme of arrangements being contained in the leader’s mind and instructions communicated verbally. Modern approaches to solving the twin challenges of first thinking through the ‘plan’ and then communicating the plan to the people who need to do ‘ ’ use sophisticated graphics, charts, diagrams, and computations. This paper traces the development of the concepts most project managers take for granted including bar charts and critical path schedules from their origins (which are far earlier than most people think) through to the modern day. The first section of the paper looks at the development of concepts that allow the visualization of time and other data. The second looks at the shift from static representations to dynamic modeling through the emergence of computers, dynamic calculations and integrated data from the 1950s to the present time.

关键词： time management scheduling CPM PERT Gantt Critical Path bar chart

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Sustainability of steel structures: towards an integrated approach to life-time engineering design

Raffaele LANDOLFO, Lucrezia CASCINI, Francesco PORTIOLI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 304-314 doi: 10.1007/s01709-011-0123-9

摘要： Nowadays, the construction sector is more and more oriented toward the promotion of sustainability in all its activities. The goal to achieve is the optimization of performances, over the whole life-cycle, with respect to environmental, economic and social requirements. According to the latest advances, the concept of sustainability applied to constructions covers a number of branches such as life-cycle costing, ecology, durability and even structural design. Several procedures and design tools have been implemented in the framework of international research. Indeed the current trend in civil engineering research is moving towards life-time engineering, with the aim to implement integrated methodologies to consider as a whole all the sustainability requirements according to time-dependent multi-performance-based design approaches. Following a general introduction of the concept of sustainability applied to constructions, this paper presents an overview of life-time engineering methodologies according to the current state-of-the-art. In particular the methods currently received by International Standards are discussed. A special focus is devoted to the durability design of metal structures with respect to the degradation phenomena able to impair the structural capacity over time. Finally a proposal towards an integrated approach to life-time engineering design of steel structures and needs for further advances are presented.

关键词： sustainability life-time engineering performance based design durability metal structures

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Modal analysis of acoustic leak signal in pipelines using time-frequency analysis

JIAO Jing-pin, FEI Ren-yuan, HE Cun-fu, WU Bin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 146-150 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0013-3

摘要： It is important to analyze the propagation characteristics of guided waves in acoustic leak location in pipelines. In this paper, the acoustic leak signal is analyzed in the time-frequency domain. Based on the relation of time-frequency distribution of the acoustic leak signal and the dispersion curves of guided waves, the mode components of acoustic leak signals were obtained. The research can provide a guideline for the mode selection in pipeline leak location, and help improve the accuracy of leak location.

关键词： dispersion selection guided research time-frequency

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A super-element approach for structural identification in time domain

LI Jie, ZHAO Xin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 215-221 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0004-4

摘要： For most time-domain identification methods, a complete measurement for unique identification results is required for structural responses. However, the number of transducers is commonly far less than the number of structural degrees of freedom (DOFs) in practical applications, and thus make the time-domain identification methods rarely feasible for practical systems. A super-element approach is proposed in this study to identify the structural parameters of a large-scale structure in the time domain. The most interesting feature of the proposed super-element approach is its divide-and-conquer ability, which can be applied to identify large-scale structures using a relatively small number of transducers. The super-element model used for time domain identification is first discussed in this study. Then a parameterization procedure based on the sensitivities of response forces is introduced to establish the identification equations of super-elements. Some principles are suggested on effective decomposing of the whole structure into super-elements for identification purposes. Numerical simulations are conducted at the end of this study. The numerical results show that all structural parameters can be identified using a relatively small number of transducers, and the computational time can also be greatly shortened.

关键词： numerical effective decomposing parameterization procedure divide-and-conquer ability time-domain identification

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Microenvironmental time-activity patterns in Chongqing, China

Yu ZHAO, Shuxiao WANG, Gangcai CHEN, Fei WANG, Kristin AUNAN, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 200-209 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0010-y

摘要： An investigation using recall questionnaires was conducted in winter and autumn 2006 to evaluate the time-activity patterns in Chongqing, China. The average time spent in seven microenvironments (MEs) including outdoors, transit, living room, bedroom, kitchen, classroom/office, and other indoors were found to be about 3.5, 1.1, 2.5, 9.7, 1.4, 4.2, and 1.7 h per day, respectively. According to the results of a nonparametric test, the sampling period and day of week were significant for the variation of the time spent in all MEs except for transit and outdoors. The time budget was analyzed using a general linear model (GLM), which exhibited significant variability by demographic factors such as gender, age, residence, education, and household income.

关键词： time-activity patterns microenvironment general linear model (GLM) Chongqing China

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Real-time task processing method based on edge computing for spinning CPS

Shiyong YIN, Jinsong BAO, Jie LI, Jie ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 320-331 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0542-1

摘要： Spinning production is a typical continuous manufacturing process characterized by high speed and uncertain dynamics. Each manufacturing unit in spinning production produces various real-time tasks, which may affect production efficiency and yarn quality if not processed in time. This paper presents an edge computing-based method that is different from traditional centralized cloud computation because its decentralization characteristics meet the high-speed and high-response requirements of yarn production. Edge computing nodes, real-time tasks, and edge computing resources are defined. A system model is established, and a real-time task processing method is proposed for the edge computing scenario. Experimental results indicate that the proposed real-time task processing method based on edge computing can effectively solve the delay problem of real-time task processing in spinning cyber-physical systems, save bandwidth, and enhance the security of task transmission.

关键词： edge computing real-time task scheduling CPS spinning